UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

Actuarial Science Program

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

 

 

Math 595, Section FM: Financial Mathematics

Spring 2008 (1st-half)

 

 

Class:

10:30-11:50 am TuTh

 

Instructor:

Rick Gorvett

 

154 Henry Admin. Bldg.

 

 

374 Altgeld Hall

 

Class Dates:

 

 

Phone: 244-1739

 

January 15 through

 

 

Office Hours:

 

March 6, 2008

 

 

3-4 pm Tues, 3-5 pm Wed,

 

 

 

 

or by appointment

 

 

 

 

E-mail: gorvett@uiuc.edu

 

 

Course website: http://www.math.uiuc.edu/~gorvett/m595s08/home.html

 

PDF version of Syllabus

 

(See below for class summaries, links to readings, and suggested research topics)

 

Course Summary

This graduate mini-course will survey the field of financial mathematics. After a brief review of relevant probability theory and an introduction to several specific types of financial instruments (primarily financial derivatives, including forwards, options, and swaps), we will begin by examining financial modeling in a discrete-time framework. This framework primarily involves the use of binomial trees. Emphasis will be given to the understanding and implications of the concepts of probability measures, no-arbitrage, and risk-neutrality.

 

This discrete-time perspective then leads, motivationally and mathematically, to the continuous-time framework. We will examine the application of stochastic calculus and Brownian motion to the modeling of financial processes, and to the evaluation of financial derivatives, including the Black-Scholes model. Also examined will be mathematical approaches to the modeling of the term structure of interest rates.

 

Textbooks

No specific text will be used or required. However, possible useful references might include any of the following:

 

  • Financial Calculus: An Introduction to Derivative Pricing, Baxter & Rennie, 1996, Cambridge University Press
  • An Introduction to the Mathematics of Financial Derivatives, Neftci, 2000 (2nd edition), Academic Press
  • Stochastic Calculus for Finance I: The Binomial Asset Pricing Model, Shreve, 2005, Springer Finance
  • Stochastic Calculus for Finance II: Continuous-Time Models, Shreve, 2000, Springer Finance

 

Prerequisites

There are no formal prerequisites, other than graduate standing in mathematics or approval of the instructor. Some exposure to probability theory is assumed.

 

Grading

The course grade will be based upon a final project involving a topic in financial mathematics. Possible topics, and specific requirements associated with this research project, will be identified and discussed during the course.

 

Accessibility Statement

To insure that disability-related concerns are properly addressed throughout the semester, students with disabilities who require reasonable accommodations to participate in this class are asked to contact me within the first week of class.

 

Cumulative List of Some Suggested Research Topics

Here are some of many possible research topics for class papers:

 

Topic

Brief Description

Correlations among economic and financial variables

Examine historical evidence of relationships between various economic and financial random variables, and explore ways, and the impact, of modeling those correlations to estimate future values of those variables.

Implications of a behavioral finance framework

Explore the implications of findings in behavioral finance on the mathematical modeling of financial and economic variables.

Non-normality of financial and economic processes

Analyze historical data for potential non-normality of changes in process values, and explore the implications of non-normality on the modeling of financial and economic variables.

Actuarial Research Clearing House

Papers and abstracts (particularly under subject heading Finance) from the 2007 Actuarial Research Conference. Might provide some food for thought.

Research Experience for Undergraduates

Sponsored by the National Science Foundation, this REU was given at UIUC in Summer 2007. Here is a summary paper, with several of the student projects dealing with financial mathematics. Might provide some idea seeds.

Sensitivity testing of binomial pricing model parameters

Build a binomial option pricing model (in Excel or another software). Use it to test the sensitivity of option prices to changes in parameters (for example, the volatility of stock price or interest rate movements).

Sensitivity testing of binomial tree construction techniques

Build a binomial option pricing model (in Excel or another software). Use it to test the sensitivity of option prices and underlying asset price evolution to changes in construction frameworks (for example, binomial model versus Cox-Ross-Rubenstein approaches).

Binomial trees evaluated under different behavioral paradigms

The evaluation of American options or callable bonds in a binomial pricing framework is traditionally performed under simple monetary more-is-better behavioral assumptions (e.g., the owner of the American option will always exercise at an intermediate node if the exercise-now payoff is greater than the expected discounted future payoff value). This project would consider the impact on option pricing of possible different behavioral paradigms that might alter that decision (e.g., laziness, fuzziness, risk-taking).

Analysis and evaluation of various measures of risk

Compare, contrast, and evaluate different measures of risk. Perhaps propose your own measure, along with a mathematical evaluation of the coherence (see articles here and here) of your proposed measure.

Evaluate value-at-risk (VaR) and consider its sensitivity to underlying assumptions

Evaluate the adequacy of VaR (wikipedia article here), and consider how changes in assumptions (e.g., the stochastic process followed by an asset) will mathematically impact the VaR measure.

Computational modeling of interest rates and other economic variables

Use a financial model (link here, including report sections, and the model itself at the Appendix D link) to explore the sensitivity of financial scenario modeling to different assumptions and parameters.

Develop a risk measure via selected axioms

Choose axioms which you think should apply to a risk measure (which might be different that the coherence properties).  Examine the resulting risk measure, its structure and its properties.

Regime switching approach to financial or economic time series

Using the Hardy regime switching paper as a basis, reproduce part of the paper using a different financial or economic time series, testing the appropriateness of a regime switching model to describe that series.

 

 

Class Summaries and Links to Readings

 

Date

Class Topic

Specific Concepts Covered

Suggested Links and Readings

Jan 15

Introduction and background

Introduction to class.

Probability and statistics background (probability space, statistical distributions).

Financial background (guiding principles).

Notes on Prob and Stat

Notes on Options

Page on Option Valuation

 

 

 

Jan 17

Financial background.

Introduction to binomial option pricing.

Derivatives and derivative markets.

Option types and characteristics.

Binomial trees for stock options.

Financial data source (FRED)

Jan 22

Single period binomial option pricing model

Replicating portfolios.

Risk neutral framework.

Risk neutral probabilities.

Mathematical relationships of up and down stock movements.

Binomial models (wikipedia)

Risk neutral measure

 

Jan 24

Multiple period binomial pricing model

Construction of binomial trees.

European options on stocks.

American options on stocks.

Binomial models (wikipedia)

Excel based binomial model

Jan 29

Multiple period binomial pricing model (cont.)

Interest rate trees.

Calibration.

Callable bonds.

 

Jan 31

Continuous-time financial models

Wiener process.

Markov process.

Martingales.

Arithmetic and geometric Brownian motion.

Convergence of Binomial to Black-Scholes (Don Chance, LSU)

 

Feb 5

Continuous-time financial models (cont.)

 

 

Feb 7

Continuous-time financial models (cont.)

 

 

Feb 12

Interest rates

Spot versus forward rates.

Term structures and yield curves.

 

Feb 14

Interest rate modeling

Historical behavior of interest rates.

 

Feb 19

Interest rate modeling (cont.)

Models of interest rates, including Vasicek, CIR, HJM.

 

Feb 21

Risk measures

List of possible measures.

Payoff versus loss random variables.

Coherence properties.

The Magnificent Seven of a financial engineer

Feb 26

Risk measures (cont.)

Mathematical descriptions.

Value at Risk subadditivity problem.

VaR techniques.

Jones-Zitikis paper

Feb 28

Modeling stock returns

GBM/Lognormal.

AR, ARCH, and GARCH.

Regime-switching.

Financial Scenario Model Report

Hardy regime switching paper