/ 2n \ / n \
1. { } = 2 { } + n^2
\ 2 / \ 2 /
n
_____
\ / n \ ^2 / 2n \
2. \ { } = { }
/ \ k / \ n /
/____
k=0
n
_____
\ / 2n \ / 2n-2k \
3. \ { }{ } = 4^n
/ \ 2k / \ n-k /
/____
k=0
/ nk \ / k \ / n+1 \
4. { } = n^2 { } + k{ }
\ 2 / \ 2 / \ 2 /
r
_____
\ / n \ / m \ / n+m \
5. \ { }{ } = { }
/ \ k / \ r-k / \ r /
/____
k=0
/ n \ / r \ / n \ / n-k \
6. { }{ } = { }{ }, k <= r <= n
\ r / \ k / \ k / \ r-k /
/ n \ / n-3 \ / n-1 \ / n-2 \ / n-3 \
7. { } - { } = { } + { } + { }
\ k / \ k / \ k-1 / \ k-1 / \ k-1 /
n
_____
\
8. \ k*k! = (n+1)! - 1
/
/____
k=1
n-1
_____
\ / n \ / m \
9. \ { }k^k { }(n-k)^(n-k-1) = n^n
/ \ k / \ r-k /
/____
k=0
Here are some involving Fibonacci numbers, i.e. F_0=1, F_1=1, and
F_i = F_(i-1) + F_(i-2).
n
_____ ____ ____
\ | | /|
\ |__ = |__ - |
/ | | |
/____ | | |
i=0 2i 2n+1
n
_____ ____ 2 ____ ____
\ | | |
\ |__ = |__ |__
/ | | |
/____ | | |
i=0 i n n+1
____ ____ ____ 2
| | |
|__ |__ - |__ = ( -1)^n
| | |
| | |
n+1 n-1 n
2n
_____ ____ ____
\ | | /|
\ (-1)^i |__ = |__ - |
/ | | |
/____ | | |
i=0 i 2n-1
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
| | | | |
|__ = |__ |__ + |__ |__
| | | | |
| | | | |
n+k n+1 k n k-1
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
| | | | |
|__ = |__ |__ + |__ |__
| | | | |
| | | | |
2n n n+1 n n-1
____ | ____
| | |
|__ | |__
| | |
| | |
n | kn
/ ____ ____ \ ____
/ | | \ |
gcd { |__ |__ } = |__
\ | | / |
\ | , | / |
n m gcd(n,m)