Lec 1, 8/23 Mon, Sec 1.1:
Course details, general principles of enumeration, counting of words & subsets,
binomial theorem, multisets/compositions.
Lec 2, 8/25 Wed, Sec 1.2:
Lattice paths, basic identities, extended binomial coefficient,
summing polynomials, Delannoy numbers, taxi ball/Delannoy correspondence.
Lec 3, 8/27 Fri, Sec 1.3:
Counting graphs and trees, multinomial coefficients (trees by degrees,
Fermat's Little Theorem), Ballot problem, central binomial convolution.
Lec 4, 8/30 Mon, Sec 1.3-2.1:
Catalan numbers (generalization, bijections, recurrence),
Fibonacci numbers and 1,2-lists, derangements.
Lec 5, 9/1 Wed, Sec 2.1-2:
Recurrences in two indices (distribution problems, Delannoy numbers),
characteristic equation method (through repeated roots).
Lec 6, 9/3 Fri, Sec 2.2:
Characteristic equation method (inhomogeneous terms),
generating function method (linear w. constant coefficients,
relation to char.eqn. method), Catalan solution (by email).
Lec 7, 9/8 Wed, Sec 2.3-3.1:
substitution method (factorials, derangements, Stirling's approximation),
generating functions (sum/product operations, multisets), multisets with
restricted multiplicity.
Lec 8, 9/10 Fri, Sec 3.1:
Generating functions: (functions in two variables - skipped), permutation
statistics (by #inversions, #cycles), Eulerian numbers (#runs, Worpitzky's
Identity by barred permutations, A(n,k) formula by inversion from
Worpitzky).
Lec 9, 9/13 Mon, Sec 3.2:
Generating function manipulations: sum & product (review inversion),
shifted index, differentiation & evaluation at special values, summing initial
coefficients, summation by convolutions.
Lec 10, 9/15 Wed, Sec 3.2-3.3:
Snake Oil, exponential generating functions: products of EGFs (words),
examples and applications of EGFs (flags on poles, restricted words,
Stirling numbers)
Lec 11, 9/17 Fri, Sec 3.3:
EGF applications (binomial inversion, derangements), the Exponential Formula
(graphs, partitions, permutations, recurrence), Lagrange Inversion Formula
(statement and application to trees).
Lec 12, 9/20 Mon, Sec 3.4:
Partitions of integers (basic generating functions, bounds on coefficients).
combinatorics of partitions (Ferrers diagrams, conjugate, Fallon's Identity,
congruence classes of triangles, Euler's Identity).
Lec 13, 9/22 Wed, Sec 4.1:
Basic inclusion-exclusion formula (marbles with restricted multiplicity first),
applications (totients, Stirling numbers, alternating sums, hint at PIE for
Eulerian numbers).
Lec 14, 9/24 Fri, Sec 4.1:
Permutations with restricted positions (rook polynomials), OGF by number of
properties (#fixed points, problème des ménages), signed
involutions (inclusion-exclusion as special case, partitions into distinct odd
parts).
Lec 15, 9/28 Mon, Sec 4.1-2:
Disjoint-path systems in digraphs, application to Cauchy-Benet (brief mention),
lattice paths, and rhombus tilings. Examples for counting under symmetry,
Lagrange's Theorem, Burnside's Lemma.
Lec 16, 9/30 Wed, Sec 4.2-3:
Examples for Burnside's Lemma, Cycle indices, symmetries of cube, pattern
inventory (Polya's Theorem), counting isomorphism classes of graphs.
Young tableaux (brief presentation of Hook-length formula,
RSK correspondence, and consequences of RSK correspondence).
Lec 17, 10/1 Fri, Sec 5.1-3, Sec 6.1:
Properties of Petersen graph, degree-sum formula and rectangle partition,
characterization of bipartite graphs, Eulerian circuits (highlights only,
Chapter 5 for background reading). Bipartite Matching (Hall's Theorem).
Lec 18, 10/4 Mon, Sec 6.1:
Orientations with specified outdegrees, Marriage Theorem.
Min/max relations (Ore's defect formula, Konig-Egervary Theorem,
Gallai's Theorem, Konig's Other Theorem).
Lec 19, 10/6 Wed, Sec 6.2:
General Matching: Tutte's 1-Factor Theorem from Berge-Tutte Formula, 1-factors
in regular graphs, Petersen's 2-Factor Theorem (via Eulerian circuit and Hall's
Theorem), augmenting paths (left for email), reduction of f-factor to
1-factor in blowup (skipped)
Lec 20, 10/8 Fri, Sec 7.1:
Connectivity (definitions, Harary graphs, cartesian products).
Edge-connectivity (definitions, Whitney's Theorem, edge cuts, diameter 2).
Bonds and blocks skipped.
Lec 21, 10/11 Mon, Sec 7.2:
k-Connected Graphs (Independent x,y-paths, linkage and blocking sets,
Pym's Theorem, Menger's Theorems (8 versions),
Expansion and Fan Lemmas, cycles through specified vertices),
Lec 22, 10/13 Wed, Sec 7.2-3:
Ford-Fulkerson CSDR, ear decomposition and Robbins' Theorem.
Spanning cycles: necessary condition, Ore & Dirac conditions, closure,
Lec 23, 10/15 Fri, Sec 7.3-8.1:
Chvatal's Theorem (proof sketched), Chvatal-Erdos Theorem,
comments on Fan's Theorem, regularity,
long-cycle versions.
Vertex coloring: examples, easy bounds, greedy coloring, interval graphs,
degree bounds.
Lec 24, 10/18 Mon, Sec 8.1-2:
Minty's Theorem,
Triangle-free graphs (Mycielski's construction, √n bound),
color-critical graphs (minimum degree, edge-connectivity).
List coloring for complete bipartite graphs.
Lec 25, 10/20 Wed, Sec 8.2-3:
List coloring (degree choosability and extension of Brooks' Theorem),
edge-coloring (complete graphs, Petersen graph, bipartite graphs).
Lec 26, 10/22 Fri, Sec 8.3:
Edge-coloring (color fans and Vizing's Theorem for graphs,
Anderson-Goldberg generalization of Vizing's Theorem for multigraphs),
brief mention of perfect graphs (chordal graphs, PGT).
Lec 27, 10/25 Mon, Sec 9.1:
Planar graphs and their duals, cycles vs bonds, bipartite plane graphs,
Euler's Formula and edge bound, application to regular polyhedra,
outerplanar graphs (brief comments)
Lec 28, 10/27 Wed, Sec 9.2:
Kuratowski's Theorem and convex embeddings, 5-coloring of planar graphs
Lec 29, 10/29 Fri, Sec 9.3:
Coloring of planar graphs (5-choosability, Kempe), Discharging (light
subgraphs, comments on 4CT, dynamic coloring),
Tait's Theorem (comments only), (skipped Grinberg's Theorem)
Lec 30, 11/1 Mon, Sec 10.1:
Applications of pigeonhole principle (covering by bipartite graphs,
divisible pairs, domino tilings, paths in cubes, monotone sublists, increasing
trails, girth 6 with high chromatic number).
Lec 31, 11/3 Wed, Sec 10.2:
Ramsey's Theorem and applications (convex m-gons, table storage).
Lec 32, 11/5 Fri, Sec 10.3:
Ramsey numbers, graph Ramsey theory (tree vs complete graph),
Schur's Theorem, Van der Waerden Theorem (statement and example)
Lec 33, 11/8 Mon, Sec 12.1:
Partially ordered sets (definitions and examples, comparability graphs and
cover graphs), Dilworth's Theorem, equivalence of Dilworth and Konig-Egervary,
relation to PGT.
Lec 34, 11/10 Wed, Sec 12.2:
graded posets & Sperner property, symmetric chain decompositions for subsets
and products, bracketing decomposition, application to monotone Boolean
functions.
Lec 35, 11/12 Fri, Sec 12.2:
LYM posets (Sperner's Theorem via LYM, equivalence with regular covering and
normalized matching, LYM and symmetric unimodal rank-sizes => symmetric chain
decomposition, statement of log-concavity & product result).
Lec 36, 11/15 Mon, Sec 14.1:
existence arguments (Ramsey number, 2-colorability of k-uniform
hypergraphs), pigeonhole property of expectation (linearity and indicator
variables, Caro-Wei bound on independence number, application of Caro-Wei to
Turan's Theorem, pebbling in hypercubes)
Lec 37, 11/17 Wed, Sec 14.2:
Crossing number (expectation application), Deletion method (Ramsey numbers,
dominating sets, large girth and chromatic number), motivation for Local Lemma
Lec 38, 11/19 Fri, Sec 14.2-3:
Symmetric Local Lemma & applications (Ramsey number, list coloring, Mutual
Independence Principle). Random graph models, almost-always properties,
connectedness for constant p, Markov's Inequality.
Lec 39, 11/29 Mon, Sec 14.3:
Second moment method, threshold functions for disappearance of
isolated vertices and appearance of balanced graphs, comments on evolution
of graphs, comments on connectivity/cliques/coloring of random graphs.
Lec 40, 12/1 Wed, Sec 13.1:
Latin squares (4-by-4 example, MOLS(n,k), upper bound, complete families,
Moore-MacNeish construction). Block designs (examples, elementary constraints
on parameters, Fisher's Inequality).
Lec 41, 12/3 Fri, Sec 13.1:
Symmetric designs (Bose), necessary conditions (example of Bruck-Chowla-Ryser),
Hadamard matrices (restriction on order, relation to designs, relation to
coding theory).
Lec 42, 12/6 Mon, Sec 13.2:
Projective planes (equivalence with (q^2+q+1,q+1,1)-designs, relation to Latin
squares, polarity graph with application to extremal problems).
Lec 43, 12/8 Wed, Sec 13.2-3:
difference sets and multipliers, Steiner triple systems.